Everything You Need to Know About Asthma Inhalers

If you or someone you love lives with asthma, an inhaler is probably a daily companion. But many people don’t know the basics – what kinds exist, how they work, and the best way to use them. Getting these details right can mean fewer attacks and smoother breathing.

Types of Asthma Inhalers

The two main groups are rescue (quick‑relief) inhalers and controller (maintenance) inhalers. Rescue inhalers, such as albuterol or levalbuterol, deliver a fast‑acting bronchodilator that opens airways within minutes. They’re meant for sudden wheezing, coughing or shortness of breath.

Controller inhalers contain steroids (like fluticasone) or long‑acting bronchodilators (such as salmeterol). These don’t give instant relief but reduce inflammation and keep symptoms from popping up in the first place. Most doctors prescribe a combination of both, so you have a plan for everyday control and emergency flare‑ups.

Other inhaler formats include dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and soft mist inhalers. DPIs rely on your breath to pull the medication into the lungs – no propellant needed. Soft mist devices create a fine cloud that’s easier to inhale, which can be handy for kids or older adults who struggle with coordination.

How to Use an Inhaler Correctly

The biggest mistake people make is not inhaling the medication properly. Here’s a quick step‑by‑step you can follow every time:

• Shake a metered‑dose inhaler (MDI) for a few seconds.
• Remove the cap and breathe out fully, but don’t exhale into the mouthpiece.
• Put the mouthpiece between your teeth, seal your lips around it, and start a slow, steady breath in.
• Press down on the canister **once** as you begin to inhale. Keep breathing slowly for about 3‑5 seconds.
• Hold your breath for another 10 seconds, then breathe out gently.

If you’re using a DPI, skip the shaking step. Just load the dose, exhale fully away from the device, seal your lips, and inhale quickly and deeply – the powder needs a strong burst of air to reach your lungs.

After each use, wipe the mouthpiece with a clean cloth or cotton swab. This prevents medication buildup and reduces the risk of infections.

Don’t forget to clean your inhaler regularly. For MDIs, soak the mouthpiece in warm soapy water for 5 minutes once a week, rinse well, and let it air dry. DPIs usually just need a quick brush‑out; check the manufacturer’s guide.

Store inhalers at room temperature, away from direct sunlight or extreme heat. A hot car can degrade the medicine, making it less effective when you need it most.

Finally, keep track of how many doses are left. Many MDIs have a dose counter, but if yours doesn’t, note the date you first filled it and replace it after about 30‑60 days, even if it still looks full.

If you notice worsening symptoms despite using your controller inhaler as prescribed, or if you need rescue medication more than twice a week, call your doctor. It may be time to adjust your plan.

Understanding the basics of asthma inhalers empowers you to manage attacks before they spiral out of control. Keep this guide handy, practice the technique daily, and breathe easier knowing you’ve got the right tools in place.